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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 35
| Issue : 4 | Page : 348-349 |
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18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in response assessment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the pelvic cavity to irinotecan and temozolomide
Sarthak Tripathy1, Sameer Rastogi2, Sneha Prakash1, Sreedharan Thankarajan Arun Raj1, Shamim Ahmed Shamim1, Avinash Upadhayay2
1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2 Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| Date of Submission | 13-Feb-2020 |
| Date of Decision | 17-Mar-2020 |
| Date of Acceptance | 20-Mar-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 21-Oct-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Shamim Ahmed Shamim
Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110 029
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.IJNM_29_20
 Abstract | | |
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a rare variety of mesenchymal tumors composed of distinctive cells that show a focal association with blood vessel walls and usually express melanocytic and smooth muscle markers. We present a case of 38-year-old male, diagnosed with PEComa of the pelvic cavity who underwent serial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans for the assessment of response to the chemotherapeutic combination of irinotecan and temozolomide.
Keywords: Fluorodeoxyglucose, perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, positron emission tomography-computed tomography
How to cite this article:
Tripathy S, Rastogi S, Prakash S, Arun Raj ST, Shamim SA, Upadhayay A. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in response assessment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the pelvic cavity to irinotecan and temozolomide. Indian J Nucl Med 2020;35:348-9 |
How to cite this URL:
Tripathy S, Rastogi S, Prakash S, Arun Raj ST, Shamim SA, Upadhayay A. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in response assessment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the pelvic cavity to irinotecan and temozolomide. Indian J Nucl Med [serial online] 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 30];35:348-9. Available from: https://www.ijnm.in/text.asp?2020/35/4/348/298745 |
A 38-year-old male presented to urology outpatient department with chief complaints of increase in the frequency of urination and stools. He was referred for contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis that revealed a large heterogeneous mass lesion with areas of internal necrosis and heterogeneous contrast enhancement measuring ~ 10.3 cm × 9.5 cm × 11.8 cm in the pelvic cavity. For further evaluation, he was advised to undergo 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) scan that showed increased FDG uptake (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax] ~ 16.7) in the mass lesion of the pelvic cavity [Figure 1]a, [Figure 1]b, [Figure 1]c, [Figure 1]d, [Figure 1]e, [Figure 1]f. Biopsy of the mass was done that showed cellular tumor composed of cells arranged in sheets and in vague nesting pattern. On immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were found to be positive for spinal muscular atrophy, HMB45 (focal), Melan A (diffuse), TFE3 (focal), S100 (focal), estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, CD56, and calponin (focal) while negative for desmin, myogenin, synaptophysin, SOX10, WT1, chromogranin A, and pan CK. Immunostaining for INI 1, BRG1, and H3K27me3 showed retained nuclear expression in the tumor cells. MIB-1 labeling index was approximately 20%, and the histopathological diagnosis was made of aggressive perivascular epitheloid cell tumor (PEComa). Then, the patient underwent six cycles of combined chemotherapeutic regime comprising irinotecan and temozolomide. Follow-up 18 F-FDG PET-CT after 6 months showed a significant interval reduction in size and FDG uptake (SUVmax ~ 10.1) of the mass lesion measuring ~ 5.1 cm × 5.2 × cm × 4.4 cm [Figure 2]a, [Figure 2]b, [Figure 2]c, [Figure 2]d, [Figure 2]e, [Figure 2]f. | Figure 1: (a) Maximum intensity projection image of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography showing an enlarged area of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the pelvis also seen in the sagittal section maximum intensity projection (f). (b) Axial computed tomography section of the pelvic cavity showing heterogeneous mass lesion showing increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the fused axial positron emission tomography-computed tomography (c). (d) Sagittal section computed tomography of the pelvis showing heterogeneous mass showing increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the fused positron emission tomography-computed tomography image (e)
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 | Figure 2: (a) Maximum intensity projection of follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan after 6 months showing faint area of radiotracer concentration in the pelvis also seen in sagittal section maximum intensity projection (f, black arrow). (b) Axial section computed tomography of the pelvis showing heterogeneous mass lesion with predominant necrosis and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the periphery in fused positron emission tomography-computed tomography image (c). (d) Sagittal section computed tomography showing heterogeneous mass lesion with predominant necrosis and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the periphery in fused positron emission tomography-computed tomography image (e)
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PEComa is driven by tuberous sclerosis complex gene mutation causing upregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway which controls multiple cellular processes, including GLUT1 function, so high FDG uptake in malignant PEComa could reflect over activation of mTOR pathway and is useful for staging/restaging and response assessment to chemotherapeutic agents in oncology practice.[1] Contrast-enhanced CT shows heterogeneous enhancement, whereas magnetic resonance imaging images reveal characteristic masses that are isointense on T1-weighted image and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted image.[2] 18F-FDG PET-CT can be of useful value in differentiating between benign and aggressive variety of PEComas as aggressive varieties have traditionally demonstrated high FDG uptake (SUVmax values ranging from 3.19 to 72.2) while benign ones demonstrating low or no FDG uptake.[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10] Through this case, the authors want to underscore the importance of 18 F-FDG PET-CT in response assessment to chemotherapeutic agents in this rare group of mesenchymal tumors as very few reports have been published in the literature.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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